. False: Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other.

Yes, your statement is true. Conditioning is a process of learning associations between stimuli and behavioral responses, and it's divided into two categories, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, first studied by Ivan Pavlov, occurs when a neutral stimulus gets associated with a stimulus that already produces a response, leading the neutral stimulus to elicit the same response when presented alone. Pavlov demonstrated this with his famous experiment with dogs. He rang a bell (neutral stimulus) just before the dogs were given food (stimulus that elicits a response). After repetition, the dogs began to salivate (response) at the sound of the bell alone. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, associates behaviors with outcomes. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his studies involving a "Skinner box." Rats placed in the box would learn to press a lever (behavior) to receive a food pellet (outcome). This evidence confirms that conditioning involves associating two events - stimulus and response in classical conditioning, and behavior and outcome in operant conditioning. Therefore your statement is true.

. True. Classical conditioning was discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, who demonstrated that when a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell) is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. food) that naturally produces a response (e.g. salivation), the neutral stimulus will eventually produce the same response (e.g. salivation) in the presence of the conditioned stimulus alone. This clearly demonstrates that two events (bell and food) can become associated with each other through conditioning.