Ask AI: what is deviance what is stigma what is secondary deviance what is technique of neutralization

Deviance: Deviance is behavior that violates social norms and expectations and is often seen as immoral, improper, or unacceptable. Stigma: Stigma is a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality or person. It is an attribute that discredits individuals and can negatively affect the way people view them. Secondary Deviance: Secondary deviance is a term used in sociology to describe any kind of deviant behavior that is the result of an individual's response to a negative label or stigma. This type of deviance is seen as a defensive reaction to being labeled as deviant or criminal by another individual or group. Technique of Neutralization: Technique of neutralization is a term coined by American criminologist Gresham Sykes to describe how individuals justify deviant behavior. This technique involves the use of five types of justification to explain why deviant behavior is acceptable or excusable. These five techniques are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.