? What are the odds of rolling a 1 with the first die and a 5 with the second die?

Calculating the probability of an event involves understanding the total number of outcomes and the number of outcomes that correspond to the event. In the case of a single six-sided die, there are 6 possible outcomes when you roll it (1-6). So, the probability of rolling a 1 (or any specified number) on this die is 1/6 because there is 1 outcome you want (rolling a 1) and 6 total possible outcomes. In the same way, the probability of rolling a 5 (or any specified number) on a six-sided die is also 1/6. If these two dice rolls are independent (the roll of one doesn't affect the other), the probability of both events happening--rolling a 1 on the first die and a 5 on the second die--is the product of the probabilities of each event. So, you would calculate this as: (1/6) * (1/6) = 1/36. So the probability of rolling a 1 on the first die and a 5 on the second die is 1 in 36.