Ask AI: Outline the similarities and differences between Adorno et al.’s (1950) and Rokeach’s (1960) approach to authoritarianism

. Adorno et al.’s (1950) approach to authoritarianism focused on measuring a person’s personality traits that lead to authoritarian beliefs. This analysis of personality was based off of Freudian psychodynamic theory and manifested in the authors’ F-scale test. The F-scale included questions that measured the respondent’s level of dogmatism, conventionalism, and power-orientation. Rokeach’s (1960) approach to authoritarianism on the other hand, placed a greater emphasis on the individual’s beliefs, rather than their personality traits. The focus of this approach was on the values and morals the individual held which would influence their reactions to authority figures and those who opposed authority. Rokeach proposed two tests, the Dogma Test and the Convention Test, which measured whether or not the individual was willing to challenge authority and norms. Similarities between the two approaches include their joint focus on the individual’s personality traits, beliefs and values in order to measure authoritarianism. Both approaches also share the goal of better understanding why individuals might sympathize with authoritarianism, and their overall desire to measure authoritarianism in individuals. Differences between the two approaches include Adorno et. al’s emphasis on psychodynamic theory and their F-Scale test to measure authoritarianism through personality traits, while Rokeach focused on testing the individual’s values and beliefs to measure authoritarianism. Adorno et al.’s approach implied that authoritarianism was an innate personality trait, while Rokeach’s approach suggested that authoritarianism was shaped by the individual's beliefs and values.