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**Set shifting** is a cognitive process that involves the ability to switch attention and adapt behavior in response to changing rules, demands, or priorities. It is a component of executive function, allowing an individual to move back and forth between different tasks, mental sets, or strategies. For example, if you are sorting cards by color and then instructed to sort them by shape instead, the mental adjustment you make to follow the new rule requires set shifting. Difficulties with set shifting are seen in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and frontal lobe injuries. It is commonly assessed using tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test or Trail Making Test.
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